Description

This book covers the Biology content specified in the Victorian Certificate of Education Biology Study Design. Sample data has been included for suggested experiments to give you practice to  reinforce practical work in class.
Each book in the Surfing series contains a summary, with occasional more detailed sections, of all the mandatory parts of the syllabus, along with questions and answers.
All types of questions – multiple choice, short response, structured response and free response – are provided.
Questions are written in exam style so that you will become familiar with the concepts of the topic and answering questions in the required way.
Answers to all questions are included.
A topic test at the end of the book contains an extensive set of summary questions. These cover every aspect of the topic, and are useful for revision and exam practice.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Words to Watch
Area of Study 1 How Do Cellular Processes Work?
1 Assumed Knowledge
2 The Plasma Membrane
3 Crossing the Plasma Membrane
4 Exocytosis
5 Endocytosis
6 Nucleic Acids
7 Proteomics
8 Protein Structure
9 Amino Acids and Proteins
10 Polar and Non-Polar Amino Acids
11 Condensation Polymerisation
12 The Structure of DNA
13 Activity – Making a Model of DNA
14 DNA Replication
15 DNA Repairs Itself
16 RNA
17 Beadle and Tatum
18 Introns and Exons
19 Gene Expression
20 Polypeptide Synthesis – Transcription
21 Polypeptide Synthesis – Translation
22 Activity – Making a Model of Protein Synthesis
23 Regulatory and Structural Genes
24 Promoter and Enhancer Regions in Eukaryotes
25 Operons and Prokaryotes
26 Enzymes
27 Enzymes and Reactions
28 Experiment – Enzyme Activity and pH
29 Experiment – Enzyme Activity and Temperature
30 Experiment – Enzyme Activity and Substrate Concentration
31 Enzymes and Inhibitors
32 Allosteric Activation and Inhibition
33 Enzyme Deficiencies
34 Coenzymes
35 Photosynthesis Review
36 Chloroplast Structure
37 Experiment – Chromatography
38 Endosymbiont Theory
39 Reactions in Photosynthesis
40 Light Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis
41 Experiment – Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis
42 Experiment – Light and Photosynthesis
43 Radioisotopes and Photosynthesis
44 Respiration Review
45 Mitochondria Structure
46 Reactions in Respiration
47 Anaerobic Respiration
48 Factors Affecting Respiration
Area of Study 2 How Do Cells Communicate?
49 Animal Hormones
50 Hormones and Feedback Regulation
51 Hormones and the Dairy Industry
52 Snake Antivenom Production
53 Plant Hormones
54 Experiments – Hormones and Phototropism
55 Neurotransmitters
56 Cytokines
57 Pheromones
58 Stimulus-Response and Cell Signalling
59 The Endocrine System and Signal Transduction
60 Three Steps in Signal Transduction
61 Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Signals
62 Apoptosis
63 Malfunctions in Apoptosis
64 Antigens
65 Louis Pasteur and Pathogens
66 Robert Koch and Pathogens
67 Experiment – Microbes in Food and Water
68 Water Treatment
69 Pathogen Transmission
70 Prion Pathogens
71 Case Study – Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease
72 Virus Pathogens
73 Case Study – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
74 Bacteria Pathogens
75 Case Study – Cholera
76 Antibiotics and Bacterial Infections
77 Protist Pathogens
78 Case Study – Cryptosporidium
79 Fungi Pathogens
80 Case Study – Tinea
81 Macroparasites
82 Case Study – Pork Tapeworm
83 Disease with an Insect Vector – Malaria
84 Plant Pathogens
85 Plant Bacteria and Insect Pests
86 Australian Quarantine
87 Barriers – The First Line of Defence
88 Immune Response – The Second Line of Defence
89 Play – Inside the Immune System
90 Leucocytes
91 Mast Cells and Dendritic Cells
92 Complement Proteins
93 The Inflammatory Response
94 The Lymphatic System
95 The Third Line of Defence
96 B Lymphocytes
97 The Structure of Antibodies
98 T Lymphocytes
99 Macfarlane Burnet
100 Immunity
101 Vaccination Programs
102 Epidemiology
103 Pandemics – Influenza
104 Immune Deficiency Diseases
105 Autoimmune Diseases
106 Allergic Reactions
107 Epidemiology and the Cause of Lung Cancer
108 Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer
Topic Test
Answers
Index